2.
   2021
/  
 : -
(  )
: 2     :50
:    -    ,        
             
1. 
        ?
2.        ?      
 
3.     '        '   
4. '   ' '   
5.               
  :
(i)  
(ii)  
6.   '  :
(i)    
2.
7.        ?      ?
(ii)      
8.      :
(i)     
(ii)     
   2021
/  
 : -
(  )
: 2     :50
:    -    ,        
             
1. 
        ?
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌  -        ?
            ,   
 (  '            )  
       ,         
          ,  , ,  
      -  
, , , ,  ()  -      
   ,     , -       
  -           ,   
2.
   
 -             
  
󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃    ?
" "       ,     -  
         '     '  
         ,      ,   ,
         

    '      ,     
:


   , , 
    (     )
     
    ,  , 
,     
󺃓󺃔󺃕   -    ?
              

,       '   ,       
           ,        
  
 ,         
          :




  
            ,    
         ,       
󽆪󽆫󽆬      
 ?
          :
2.
󷄧󷄫   
          , , ,   

 ,          , ,  
  
 
󷄧󷄬   
        :
     
       
     
      
 
   ()    
         ,   
 
󷄧󷄭   
    '  :
 




  
   
;     ,      
󷄧󷄮    
        :
  
 
   
   ,     '  
󷄰󷄯  
         :
2.
    
  
 
     
     
 
 ,    "" 
;    
󹶜󹶟󹶝󹶞󹶠󹶡󹶢󹶣󹶤󹶥󹶦󹶧    
         :
  
   
  
  ,   
     
     
   '  -      :
 
 -
󷇲󷇱     
        
       :


- 
    -            :
  
 
  
-
 ,      
 
 ,      ,     ,     
            
 
󷊻󷊼󷊽   
 ?
2.
   
:
           
 
     '   
       
 
             
   - 
      
󷩡󷩟󷩠 
    ?
        :
   (    , 
)
  
      
    
 ,    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
       
;  , ,    
      '       ,    
  
     ,  ,  ,  
    
   ,  
  ,  
     
   ,      
 
 
             , 
        ,        
    
         
;  , 
   
2.        ?      
 
:󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃  :     
 
    ,        -   
           -  - 
2.
        :      12
 16
  ,   '   , -,        
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼        |
                 
      :
1.  
        
 ,  
   
    
 -        
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:      ( )     


2.   
      - '    ,  
 '
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         "   "   

3.    
  , ,     ,     
    '  ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         
4.  
      ,  

   ,   ,  
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         '  
5.  
2.
    
 -,       
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             ,  
   
6.  
           
-   , ,       

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       
 
7.   
      ,      

          ,  
    ,    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘      
      -     :
1.  
            
 -             

    ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:              
 
2.  
         
    
   , ,   

   :  ,  ,    
3. -  -
2.
        '    
   ,      
 -         
4.   
           

            
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐   

  
 
 

  
 , 
, 

, 

, 

,  
 
, 

, -
  
 
󷇮󷇭       |
 :    '     
 :         
 
 :    ,   
 
 : ,         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
   14
            
            ,       
      -  ,      ,  
   
,   
    ,   

 -        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
               
 ,        ,  ,    
        
   
        
     
  
 -  ,         
2.
3.     '        '   
:      
;        
                
"       "        ,  
              ,  
       ,  ,   
         
 
  16
   ,         
'       ,         - 
       
    ,     , 
     
          
  ,     ,     , 
(  --   )         
  ,       
                 
       '   -  , ,    
       
  
 ?
  ,    '          
,           
 ,  
-    
           
   
  -      ,      
 
 
             '   
           -, 

             '  
  
            
,  
                 
 
      -      
   
       ,      
   -
 
                
  
2.
    
    ,         , ,
     '       
    ,
           
  
  
 
            
  ,
 
  :
   
   '  
  '     -
     
;   -       
                   
           
 
  
          ,    
 
          
  -
 , ,   ,          
 
          
  -     -     ,   
  '  ,      '   
      
                  
 
         ,    ,
                 
        
      
,       
             

 
2.
   
     

;        
   
 -     ,        
    ,         
   
   
         
      
             
   ,   ,        
         
     
   :
 
 
 
 
  
          
  
 ?
         
  ,    
    :
     
 
   
 
      
 
          
   
, 
    ,     '  
 

"      "      ;     
         ,       
2.
   
    ,  ,   
  ,               

               
            
4. '   ' '   
:󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃   :
 
    ,  
  '  , ,  
                
:     1618      ,      

 ,               
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼:    ?
            1618 ,  
      ( )      ,
   "        "  
               ,   
        ,        
 ()   ()       () 
       ,      
     
 
󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃:      
          
      
       ,      

 ,      ,      
 
     ,       

    '   ,        
  ,         
 
2.
    
         
   
                 -
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
 ,            ,
               
  
 
           ,  
  
              
      :    ,     
        
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
1618               , 
        ,      , 
              

       
       
     
 ,
           ,    
   
 
 -          ,    
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.  :     ,      '
 
2. :     
 ,    
 
3.  : ,      
 
4.  :            
 
 
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐     

   





 , , 
 , , 

,   
, 

,  
,  
2.

    
    
󷇮󷇭
,      ,       
                

      -          
      '      
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
         -   '       
,     ,         ,  
 
          ,       
           ,   
   :   ,            
         
5.               
  :
(i)  
(ii)  
:       ,    , 

,   ,   ,       
              : 
  
              
   ,   ' ,        
    
  ;  , , , , ,
              
    ,         
 
     ,          - 
"" '       ,        
2.
           ,   
        
 
      
               
   ' 
1.    
   , , ,     ,    
    ,            
     
2.    
            ,     
,          ,    
,          
3.   
   ,  ,  ,  ,      ,  
    -,      
  
          
4.    
    ,    , ,     
     
      , ,    

      '    
 
5.   
          , , ,  
       
;         
 
6.  
     ,      , , , ,
    -         
2.
      ,     -      - '
 
  -     
""       ,     ,     
     ,          
              

         ?
  ,    
  :
, ,    
    
   ,   ,       
 ,               
      ,  -         
  
 ,    , ,     


 
    :


  
 
 
 ,         ;        
 
-   ,  ,   ,        
  
  -     
       :  ,  , - ,  -
,   ,          
2.
""      ,   , , 
    

        
     

       
  , 
  ' :
  
   
    
  
  
  
       
 
    ' , , ,        ,    
              
 
    :




  
       ,       
 
   
?
        
  
     
   ,          
             
        :
  
    
,     
    
2.

                
     ,   ,    
       
,     , ,  
       
  ,    
 ,     ,   

    ,           
  '         
6.   '  :
(i)    
:󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸     ?
-   ( , - )          

,         
 
     ,        
     ,       
 , ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :            ,   
           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.      
o    ,         
 
o     ,      
o      ,        
2.    
o   , -     
o       ()   
o         ,     
 
2.
3.   
o   ,        , 
      
   
o           , 
     
o          
󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃   
               
  :       ,  ,   
      
:,      '  ,      
 
:   
 -    
 ,  
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   ,   
      

 ,          
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
           ,    
,                 
            ,      
 -     ,         
 
     ,    "    "   ,   
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.   
o     ,      
 
o     ,      
2.   
o ,       ,      

 
3.  
o   ,        ,   
    
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐    
2.
/

 ,  
, ,  
 
, , 
 
  , , 
󷇮󷇭    
:   -        
 
 :            

,        
:            
 ,  
    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
 
      
   :
 : ,   ,  
 :  ,  ,  
 :  ,  ,   
       -          
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
          -        
           ,      
  
           
 ,                
7.        ?      ?
(ii)      
:    -     
 
      ,        ' 
         ""     " "
 ,     '        ,  
2.
   , , , , , , , , , 
    
 
      '   -:
17
  19
   
( 1650  1850  )
    
   ,   -    , 
               
                 
 ,          ,  , 
        
   -    
   
?
   , , ,        
     , , , ,     
          :
     
    
 () 
   
    ,         ,  
-,             
      
         ,      '  
       
1. 
 (   )           
,   ,           
       ,       
2.
 
    '     ,    - 
  
2. 
  ,   ,         , 
         ,     ,  
               
 
 
3. 
 
         ,     
 
,              ' 18

      - 
      :
   
   
 
 
 
-              
  -  ,   , ,    -     
4. 
                
              
    
5. 
2.
             
         , ,  
  
 
 ,  :
 :17
  19
   
:  
 :, , , , , 
:  (  ),   -
: ,  ,  ,  
(ii)      
       : "     "
          ,    
              
"   "   
   ?
        
;       18
 
           :
  
 
 
        
              
 ,          
  -     
    
     
  ?
  ,    :
2.
 
 

 

       ,        
, ,     ,       
, ,        
"     "  
             :
,     
, 
 
      
    
    
 
     
 ,   

    '   ,         ' 
    ,       ,     '
 
 
    
       
 
       
 ,       
 
          

   17
 19
         
,         ,      
      , , ,        
     
2.
 ,            ,   ,
    
  ,   
      
,         
8.      :
(i)     
(ii)     
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼(i)     
1. 
               
 
 -       
    ,  ()
         
  - ,   ,       
        ,      
     
 
 ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :         ,     
2.  
:       ,    
  
 
:        ,      
            , 
      
: ,             
    - , ,  
:        
  
         
3.  
  ,           ,  
          
2.
         ,    
         
    
      ,   
 
4.   
                 
  ,   -       ,     
,       
 ,         - 
 ,     ,             '
  
        :       
,  
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼(ii)     
1. 
                 
             
               
 -,      ,      ,  
  
        
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :        ,    
 
2.  
:,     
   ,   
       
:        ,  , 
    '         
: ,         ,     

: ,          
 
    ,        
   
3.  
2.
   ,         ,
   -  ,         
   
      
 :      
  
      ,        
    
4.   
             -  , 
   
   -,    ,  ,  
            ,    
     ,    -     , 
    
           :       

,         
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐   

    
    

   
  

  
    

,  
, , 

    
, , 

     
      
󷇮󷇭  
  
         :
        
 ,  
 
 
         
 ,   

 
  ,    
        
 -  
    : , , ,       

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
2.
               
                 
     ,       - ,  

 ,      
,   ,  
     
       ,  
     
"              
 
       ,       
 "